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European stock markets presented a mixed and cautious picture at Wednesday’s open.

The markets were impacted with the investors grappling with a confluence of factors including fresh UK inflation data, the looming US Federal Reserve interest rate decision, and persistent geopolitical tensions in the Middle East.

While pre-market futures had signaled sharp falls, the actual open saw a more varied performance across major bourses.

Early market indications from IG futures data had painted a bearish picture, suggesting significant opening declines across Europe: London’s FTSE was anticipated to open 52 points lower at 8,827, Germany’s DAX down 245 points at 23,447, France’s CAC 40 down 75 points at 7,665, and Italy’s FTSE MIB 329 points lower at 39,568.

However, the actual open appeared somewhat more nuanced, though the underlying caution remained.

Global investors continue to closely monitor the ongoing conflict between Israel and Iran, which saw continued missile attacks and airstrikes on Monday.

This volatile situation has kept markets on edge, fueling a rise in oil prices due to supply worries and an increase in gold prices as investors flock to traditional safe-haven assets.

These safe-haven assets saw their prices rise further overnight. US stock futures also turned lower after US President Donald Trump signaled a potential further escalation in attacks, urging Iranians to evacuate Tehran, a development that has done little to soothe market nerves.

UK inflation cools slightly, gilts strengthen

A key piece of economic data for European investors on Wednesday morning was the UK inflation report.

Inflation in the United Kingdom cooled slightly to 3.4% in the year to May, according to figures released by Britain’s Office for National Statistics.

This reading was in line with analysts’ expectations and offered a measure of relief after inflation had unexpectedly surged to 3.5% a month earlier.

In response to the inflation data, UK government bonds, known as gilts, strengthened slightly. The yield on the benchmark 10-year gilt was around 2 basis points lower by 7:07 a.m. in London.

Yields on 2-year and 20-year gilts also dipped by around 1 basis point, while 5-year and 30-year gilt yields remained unchanged.

Bond prices and yields move in opposite directions, so falling yields indicate rising bond prices and increased investor demand for these safer assets.

The slight cooling in UK inflation will be closely watched by the Bank of England, though it comes against a backdrop of broader economic uncertainties and persistent geopolitical risks that continue to influence global market sentiment and central bank considerations.

All eyes will now also turn to the US Federal Reserve, which is due to announce its interest rate decision later in the day, a move that will undoubtedly have significant implications for markets worldwide.

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B3, Brazil’s biggest stock exchange, announced futures contracts for Ethereum (ETH) and Solana (SOL) on Monday, boosting its portfolio of regulated cryptoassets as demand for blockchain-based financial products grows.

The new derivatives represent a significant step for B3, which has been progressively establishing a regulated crypto market ecosystem in Latin America’s largest economy.

The contracts will be priced in US dollars and reference the Nasdaq Ether and Nasdaq Solana Reference Prices.

This development is a significant milestone for Brazil’s financial system, demonstrating the country’s willingness to incorporate regulated cryptocurrency products within a regular exchange structure.

By providing advanced tools to both institutional and retail investors, B3 is positioning Brazil as a regional leader in crypto finance while also encouraging innovation in the country’s expanding digital asset ecosystem.

Contract specifications and market targets

Each ETH futures contract represents 0.25 Ethereum units, whereas each SOL contract corresponds to 5 Solana tokens. Settlements will take place monthly, on the final Friday of each month.

Unlike B3’s Bitcoin futures contracts, which are listed in Brazilian reais, the new products are aimed at investors who are familiar with international markets and have used US dollar-denominated instruments.

While Ethereum and Solana futures are unlikely to outperform Bitcoin contracts in terms of trading volume, B3 expects a strong and diverse acceptance.

With these changes, B3 hopes to provide professional and institutional traders more freedom to design strategies combining several cryptoassets, such as arbitrage and hedging between correlated coins.

Bitcoin futures are now more accessible

Along with the introduction of ETH and SOL futures, B3 modified its Bitcoin futures offering by decreasing the contract size from 0.1 BTC (about R$56,000) to 0.01 BTC (roughly R$5600).

The amendment, approved by Brazil’s securities regulator CVM, aims to broaden access to the product, notably for retail and small-scale investors.

The move might lead to increased retail engagement in regulated cryptocurrency derivatives, which B3 believes has huge untapped potential.

The reduced contract size allows individual investors to acquire exposure to Bitcoin futures without the capital requirements of previous offerings.

More crypto derivatives are on the horizon

Looking ahead, B3 has stated that its crypto derivatives expansion would not stop with Ethereum and Solana. According to Felipe Gonçalves, head of products at the exchange, futures contracts for other prominent altcoins are already being considered for 2026.

“We are already evaluating what we can launch beyond Ethereum and Solana, probably next year—maybe a top 5 or top 10 of the world’s most traded cryptoassets,” Gonçalves told me.

Potential future contract candidates include XRP, BNB, and Dogecoin, three of the most liquid and commonly owned cryptocurrencies in the world.

Increasing institutional interest and innovation

B3’s efforts are bolstered by larger trends in Brazil’s cryptocurrency business. The exchange presently lists 19 cryptocurrency-related ETFs, and trading volumes for Bitcoin derivatives have increased.

According to B3, these metrics suggest a growing demand for regulated and innovative crypto assets from both retail and institutional investors.

With more assets available, traders can develop increasingly complicated strategies involving long and short bets across numerous cryptocurrencies, extending the market’s maturity.

However, Gonçalves highlighted that the increase will be steady and responsible. “Everything depends on liquidity and market acceptance,” he explained.

By targeting a larger investor base and adopting global pricing norms, B3 is putting itself at the forefront of regulated crypto financing in emerging nations.

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US stocks’ recovery over the past two months following the initial plunge related to higher tariffs under the Trump administration has pushed some S&P 500 stocks into the overbought territory.

Based on the 14-day Relative Strength Index (RSI) – a momentum indicator often used to evaluate whether a stock is due for a pullback – these include Micron Technology Inc. (NASDAQ: MU) and Oracle Inc. (NYSE: ORCL).  

However, there’s still reason to believe that neither ORCL nor MU shares are out of juice yet. Both could push further to the upside in the back half of 2025.

What could help Oracle stock extend gains in H2?

Oracle ended last week on a solid note after reporting better-than-expected financials for its Q4. The post-earnings rally pushed ORCL’s relative strength index up significantly to 90.4, a level indicative of extremely overbought conditions.

However, investors should note that the market’s response wasn’t based merely on speculation. It was grounded in strong guidance and bullish commentary from management.

In the earnings press release, Safra Catz, the chief executive of Oracle, said she expects the firm’s cloud infrastructure revenue to grow more than 70% on a year-over-year basis in 2026.

“Next year will be even better as our revenue growth rates will be dramatically higher,” she added, hinting at growing momentum in a space dominated by Amazon Web Services and Microsoft Azure. 

ORCL’s expanding position in artificial intelligence (AI) workloads and demand for its Gen2 cloud infrastructure have redefined its growth narrative.

Therefore, it’s reasonable to expect that Wall Street analysts will revise their estimates for Oracle stock after the company’s blockbuster quarter.

Note that ORCL shares currently pay a dividend of 0.93% as well, which makes them even more exciting to own in 2025.

What could help Micron stock extend gains in H2?

Micron shares also currently sit in the extremely overbought territory with an RSI of just over 85.

However, the management’s recently announced plans of investing up to $200 billion to boost US semiconductor manufacturing could keep investors interested in MU stock in the second half of 2025.

The aforementioned initiative is expected to create some 90,000 direct and indirect jobs in the US. Micron stock could benefit from it, particularly because the Trump administration is committed to onshoring production to lower America’s reliance on other nations.

From a demand perspective, MU stock continues to capitalise on a cyclical upturn in memory chip pricing and expectations of rising AI-driven demand for DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) and NAND (NAND Flash Memory).

Much like ORCL, Micron is a dividend stock as well that currently yields 0.40%. Therefore, while technical traders may be cautious due to the elevated RSI, long-term investors may find Micron’s strategic vision and capital deployment compelling enough to justify sticking with the rally.

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Shares of Roku Inc. soared nearly 10% on Monday following the announcement of a new advertising partnership with Amazon.com Inc., a deal designed to deepen both companies’ reach in the fast-growing connected-TV (CTV) advertising market.

The stock gained as much as 11% during early trading, settling at $82.57 before paring gains slightly by mid-afternoon.

Amazon shares jumped by almost 2%.

The partnership will allow marketers to buy ads across both Roku and Amazon platforms through Amazon’s demand-side platform (DSP), combining their reach into an estimated 80 million US connected-TV households.

Advertisers will gain access to inventory on Amazon Prime Video, The Roku Channel, and a range of streaming services available on Roku and Fire TV devices.

Advertisers to gain wider access and better targeting

The integration is expected to enhance targeting capabilities for marketers.

According to Roku and Amazon, early tests of the integration showed that advertisers reached 40% more unique viewers.

Analysts say this is a significant step for Roku as it looks to expand its advertising footprint and monetize its inventory more effectively.

Benchmark analyst Daniel L. Kurnos said in a research note that the partnership represented Roku’s “most significant pivot towards expanding their buying platform across the CTV universe,” although he noted that the impact could be difficult to quantify immediately, given the deal doesn’t start until the fourth quarter and could take time to scale.

Analysts at JPMorgan said in a research note that the partnership with Amazon allowing advertisers to buy Roku inventory through Amazon’s demand-side platform, will give advertisers more comprehensive platform level data, and thus better targeting capabilities.

They also said the advertisers will have visibility into every channel on the Roku platform.

Revenue impact to start by year-end; deal to help Roku meet profit goals by 2025-26

Though the partnership will officially go live in the fourth quarter of 2025, analysts believe some revenue gains will begin appearing in Roku’s top line before year-end.

However, the financial impact is likely to be gradual.

“The partnership will go live during 4Q, meaning that some revenue will hit Roku’s top line this year. However, the boost is likely to be a gradual ramp and not a step-function increase,” JPMorgan analysts said.

Wedbush analysts said the tie-up supports Roku’s broader ambitions to meet profitability goals by 2025 and 2026, even amid macroeconomic uncertainties.

They reiterated an “outperform” rating on Roku stock with a $100 price target.

CTV ad market gains momentum

The deal also marks a strategic response to shifting advertiser preferences in the streaming landscape.

Free ad-supported TV (FAST) platforms like The Roku Channel are gaining popularity over ad-supported video-on-demand (AVOD), due to lower ad prices and broader reach.

Analysts had long anticipated some form of collaboration between Roku and Amazon, given their dominance in the CTV space.

“Within CTV, Free Ad-Supported TV channels are likely to gain more ad dollars than Ad-Supported Video on Demand, thanks to their lower costs,” Wedbush analysts noted.

Roku’s low and steady ad prices on its FAST platform give it a strong position even as Amazon’s large inventory has pushed prices down elsewhere, Wedbush said

With this agreement, both firms have signaled their intent to accelerate the shift in ad dollars from traditional television to streaming platforms.

As Roku deepens its advertising infrastructure and leverages Amazon’s reach, investors are betting the company is well-positioned to benefit from the evolving dynamics in digital television.

Whether that optimism translates into sustained earnings growth will depend on how quickly the partnership scales and delivers measurable returns.

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Donald Trump abruptly departed the G7 Summit in Canada on Monday evening, citing the escalating conflict between Israel and Iran.

French President Emmanuel Macron told reporters that the US president had received an offer—via intermediaries—aimed at securing a ceasefire and restarting broader discussions between the two adversaries.

“There is indeed an offer to meet and exchange. An offer was made especially to get a ceasefire and to then kickstart broader discussions,”

Macron said, adding that while immediate change was unlikely, “since the US assured they will find a ceasefire and since they can pressure Israel, things may change.”

Macron described the development as a potentially positive step and called for renewed negotiations and the protection of civilians.

Trump returns to Washington

Trump, who has shown little enthusiasm for G7 summits in the past, said he needed to return to Washington for “obvious reasons” and to brief his national security council.

The White House noted that “much was accomplished,” but the Middle East situation required his attention.

Press secretary Karoline Leavitt confirmed the president would depart after dinner with other heads of state.

At a morning meeting, Trump told reporters he had received indirect indications that Iran was looking to de-escalate tensions.

Throughout the day, he reiterated that Iran must never obtain a nuclear weapon—an ambition Iran continues to deny.

Several attempts have been made to deescalate

Macron’s remarks came after two days of mediation efforts by Gulf States, attempting to broker a ceasefire and resume stalled nuclear negotiations.

Those talks were abandoned by Iran following the continued escalation in the conflict.

European leaders were also active. In a joint phone call, the French, German, and British foreign ministers urged Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi to avoid retaliating against the US or regional players and to refrain from leaving the nuclear non-proliferation treaty.

They also pressed Iran to maintain cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency.

While Israel has reportedly urged the US to join the military campaign, US officials publicly denied any immediate plans for direct intervention.

The White House and Pentagon both emphasized that Washington’s stance remained defensive.

In a social media post, Trump warned Iranians to evacuate Tehran, suggesting he was not currently restraining Israel’s actions.

However, his administration has maintained that it seeks to avoid escalating the conflict further.

A joint G7 statement late Monday reiterated support for de-escalation, reaffirmed Israel’s “right to defend itself,” and labeled Iran “the principal source of regional instability and terror.”

The leaders also pledged to monitor energy market impacts and coordinate with partners to maintain stability.

Addressing reporters, Macron warned against any pursuit of regime change through military means.

“Anyone who believes that by striking with bombs from outside you save a country in spite of itself and against itself has always been wrong,” he said.

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The European Commission on Tuesday is expected to propose a ban on Russian gas and liquefied natural gas (LNG) imports into the EU by the end of 2027. 

This measure will employ legal mechanisms to prevent EU members Hungary and Slovakia from blocking the plan, according to a Reuters report.

According to the report, an internal Commission summary of the forthcoming proposal states that a ban on Russian pipeline gas and LNG imports will be legally enforced starting January 1, 2026. 

Certain contracts will be granted longer deadlines.

Formalising the ban on Russian energy products

The European Union intends to formalise its commitment to sever long-standing energy ties with Russia, previously its primary gas provider. 

This decision follows Moscow’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022, and the upcoming proposals will detail how this pledge will be enshrined in law.

For Russian gas agreements finalised prior to June 17, 2025, a one-year transition phase would be in effect, concluding on June 17, 2026.

The EU’s use of Russian gas is set to end by January 1, 2028, at which point imports under existing long-term Russian contracts will be banned, according to the summary.

Russian LNG contracts held by companies such as TotalEnergies and Naturgy of Spain are set to continue into the 2030s.

Additionally, a key proposal under consideration involves the progressive prohibition of EU LNG terminals from offering services to Russian clients. 

This would effectively choke off a critical avenue for Russian LNG to enter the European market, forcing Russia to seek alternative, potentially less lucrative, destinations for its gas.

Transparency in the gas market

Furthermore, a parallel initiative aims to enhance transparency within the European gas market. 

Companies engaged in the importation of Russian gas would be mandated to disclose comprehensive information regarding their contracts to both EU and national regulatory bodies. 

This unprecedented level of scrutiny is intended to shed light on pricing mechanisms, supply agreements, and other contractual details, enabling authorities to identify and address any potential market distortions or undue influence exerted by Russian suppliers. 

The move is designed to foster greater accountability and allow for a more informed assessment of Europe’s energy security vulnerabilities. 

These measures, as previously reported by Reuters, underscore the EU’s strategic shift towards diversifying its energy sources and strengthening its collective bargaining power in the global energy landscape.

On Monday, EU energy commissioner Dan Jorgensen stated that the measures were crafted to be legally robust, allowing companies to cite “force majeure” – an unforeseeable event – as grounds to terminate their Russian gas contracts.

Jorgensen told reporters:

Since this will be a prohibition, a ban, the companies will not get into legal problems. This is force majeure, as it [would be] if it had been a sanction.

No veto

Hungary and Slovakia have opposed and vowed to block sanctions on Russian energy, which require unanimous EU approval. 

They argue that switching from Russian pipeline gas, which they still import due to close political ties with Russia, would increase energy prices.

To bypass this obstacle, the Commission’s proposals will utilize an EU legal basis that can be approved with the backing of a reinforced majority of member states and a majority of the European Parliament, according to EU officials.

Although most other EU nations have indicated their support for the ban, officials noted that certain importing countries have expressed worries regarding the potential for companies to face financial penalties or arbitration due to contract breaches.

Europe continues to import approximately 19% of its gas from Russia, a significant decrease from the pre-2022 figure of roughly 45%.

This gas arrives via the TurkStream pipeline and as LNG shipments, with countries like Belgium, France, the Netherlands, and Spain being among the importers of Russian LNG.

French industry minister Marc Ferracci told reporters on Monday:

We fully support this plan in principle, with the aim of ensuring that we find the right solutions to provide maximum security for businesses.

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Even as tensions simmer in the Middle East with the possibility of crude oil supply disruptions, prices are likely to be capped below the $80-per-barrel mark. 

This rise in tensions between Iran and Israel is likely to sustain a high oil price risk premium in the short term, given the heightened supply uncertainties.

“In the medium term, however, the emerging oversupply argues in favour of lower oil prices,” Barbara Lambrecht, commodity analyst at Commerzbank AG, said. 

Last week, Israel launched an assault on Iranian nuclear facilities, resulting in the deaths of several high-ranking Iranian military officials. 

The action triggered a sharp increase in oil prices, with Brent crude surging by as much as 13% to a peak of $78.5 per barrel.

Since then, prices have fallen and settled in the region of $74 a barrel on Monday. 

Monday’s subdued price movement does not indicate that the market has factored in a significant supply disruption, which would represent the worst-case scenario for oil, according to Rystad Energy.

Lower probability of further escalation

Rystad Energy’s research and discussions suggest a low probability of the conflict escalating into a full-blown war, thereby mitigating the risk of a significant oil price surge.

The most significant market-moving event to monitor is a potential blockage of the Strait of Hormuz by Iran, an occurrence that could push oil markets into uncharted territory.

This conflict presents three potential paths: de-escalation through diplomacy, continued but contained hostilities between Iran and Israel, or an expansion involving multiple nations, the Norway-based Rystad Energy said in an emailed commentary. 

Currently, there are no indications of the latter scenario unfolding.

“As discussions continue over whether the US will attempt to de-escalate the situation—similar to its approach in the recent India-Pakistan conflict—or instead join forces with Israel to accelerate the military dismantling of Iran, major diplomatic efforts are also underway,” Rystad said. 

We maintain our initial view that this will likely be a short-lived conflict, as escalation could lead to the situation getting out of hand for those who seem to control it now.

Price outlook

According to Commerzbank, the US-Iran nuclear talks add another layer to the recent escalation in tensions in the region. 

Due to stalled nuclear deal negotiations between the US and Iran, the US government has announced the withdrawal of some embassy staff from Baghdad, raising concerns.

“The increased uncertainty speaks in favour of a higher risk premium on the oil price, which is why it is unlikely to fall below USD 70 on a sustained basis for the time being,” Commerzbank’s Lambrecht said. 

Further escalation of the conflict, resulting in disruptions to the oil supply, would be necessary for a continued price increase, she noted.

Fundamental data is taking a back seat in the current situation.

Meanwhile, Rystad Energy believes that the US has the power to de-escalate the situation in the Middle East. 

“Based on our earlier disruption simulations, we see oil prices capped below $80 per barrel.” said Mukesh Sahdev, global head of commodities market, oil, Rystad Energy.

Likely output hit

A severe impact on oil production is anticipated for Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Kuwait, and Qatar if tensions boil over.

These nations collectively account for approximately 25 million barrels of oil per day, Rystad’s data showed.

Not all of this output faces immediate risk. 

The global refining system requires these predominantly medium sour barrels to meet summer demand, and other countries cannot easily substitute them.

Rystad estimated earlier that a sustained oil supply disruption of 1 million barrels per day could lead to prices nearing $80 per barrel.

If the disruption reaches 2 million barrels per day, prices could potentially hit $90 per barrel.

“We are not yet calling for oil prices to touch $100 per barrel on a sustained basis beyond a few days or weeks. The peak summer demand of August is a key time to watch,” according to the energy consultancy. 

Source: Rystad Energy

Oil demand

Though the Middle East represents only 10% of worldwide oil product demand, its direct effect on oil demand remains restricted, according to Rystad.

High oil prices hinder the growth of oil demand. 

The two countries central to the crisis represent less than 2% of total oil demand, while the Middle East as a whole contributes approximately 10-12% to global demand.

For oil markets, therefore, this is clearly a crude supply and trade flows crisis.

“However, there is a strong likelihood of seeing a volatile shift in jet and bunker fuel oil demand,” Rystad said.

Additionally, the Strait of Hormuz sees about 15-20 million barrels of oil transiting through it daily. 

If there are significant disruptions, oil flows to Asia remain in danger

“So far, the Strait, the most critical oil transit route, has not been targeted,” Janiv Shah, vice president, oil at Rystad Energy, said in an emailed commentary. 

We maintain our view that this is likely to remain a short-lived conflict, as further escalation risks spiraling beyond the control of key stakeholders.

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As world leaders convene for the G7 summit in Alberta, Canada, on June 16, 2025, an escalating conflict between Israel and Iran will probably be one of the issues taking centre stage.

US President Donald Trump finds himself under intense scrutiny and pressure to address the volatile situation in the Middle East, with allies and adversaries alike watching his every move.

The recent missile strikes by Iran on Tel Aviv and Haifa, following Israeli attacks on Iranian targets, have heightened fears of a broader regional war, placing Trump in a delicate diplomatic position at this critical summit.

The Israel-Iran conflict

Israel launched a sweeping offensive on Iran beginning Friday, hitting more than 100 major targets, including nuclear facilities, missile sites, and key military figures.

Satellite imagery confirmed substantial damage at multiple locations within the Natanz nuclear site, though its primary enrichment plant appeared intact.

A nuclear research facility in Isfahan was also struck.

Among the dead are top Iranian military officials — including Maj Gen Mohammad Bagheri, Chief of Staff of Iran’s armed forces, and Gen Hossein Salami, commander of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps — along with at least six senior nuclear scientists.

The strikes extended through the weekend into Monday, with the Israel Defense Forces claiming to have taken control of Tehran’s airspace.

The IDF said it had hit over 80 targets in the capital since Saturday, including Iran’s defence ministry headquarters and missile systems.

Iran accused Israel of targeting civilian areas in Tehran. The Iranian health ministry reported 224 fatalities since Friday. Two oil depots near Tehran were also hit, according to Iran’s oil ministry.

In response, Iran has launched multiple waves of missile attacks on Israel. At least 14 Israelis have been killed and 390 injured since Friday, authorities said.

A missile strike on the town of Tamra killed four women, while another in Bat Yam, near Tel Aviv, left six dead and at least 180 injured.

On Monday, further Iranian strikes hit Tel Aviv and Haifa, where a power plant was reported to be on fire. Casualties were expected to rise.

Trump’s position and past actions

President Trump has had a complex relationship with both Israel and Iran during his tenure.

Known for his strong support of Israel, including moving the US Embassy to Jerusalem and brokering the Abraham Accords, Trump has also taken a hardline stance against Iran.

His administration’s withdrawal from the 2015 Iran nuclear deal and the imposition of severe sanctions on Tehran were seen as attempts to curb Iran’s regional influence and nuclear ambitions.

However, these policies have been criticized for escalating tensions rather than resolving them.

At the G7 summit, Trump faces pressure to clarify the US role in the current crisis.

While some allies urge a diplomatic approach to prevent further violence, others expect the U.S. to stand firmly with Israel.

The escalating conflict has cast a shadow over the summit, with leaders seeking a unified response to avert a regional catastrophe.

Trump’s recent statements warning Iran of unprecedented US military action if American interests are targeted have added to the uncertainty surrounding his strategy.

G7 leaders on the conflict

Leaders gathering for the G7 summit in Canada are confronting escalating instability in the Middle East and the prospect of surging energy prices, though it remained unclear at the summit’s outset how the issue would be formally addressed.

“This issue will be very high on the agenda of the G7 summit,” German Chancellor Friedrich Merz said before departing for Canada.

He outlined Germany’s key objectives as preventing Iran from acquiring a nuclear weapon, avoiding further escalation, and preserving space for a diplomatic resolution.

“I would like to add that in Germany we are also getting ready in case Iran should target Israeli or Jewish targets in Germany,” Merz told reporters, declining to provide further details.

British Prime Minister Keir Starmer said he had discussed de-escalation efforts with US President Donald Trump and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.

He added that “intense discussions” on the conflict would continue during the summit.

Disclaimer: Portions of this article were generated with the assistance of AI tools and reviewed by the Invezz editorial team for accuracy and adherence to our standards.

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Leonard A Lauder, the longtime steward of Estée Lauder Companies and the son of its founder, passed away at the age of 92, leaving behind a legacy of transforming a small family-run cosmetics business into one of the world’s largest and most influential beauty empires.

From modest beginnings in New York, Leonard Lauder is credited with growing Estée Lauder into a multinational firm with a presence in over 150 countries, selling more than 25 brands.

Under Leonard Lauder’s leadership, the company’s revenue soared from under $1 million in the late 1950s to $15.6 billion by 2023.

Making Estée Lauder the “GM of beauty business” through expansion and branding

Lauder joined the company in 1958 after a stint in the US Navy.

He quickly emerged as the firm’s chief strategist, pioneering several defining decisions that shaped Estée Lauder’s market dominance.

One of his earliest innovations was to expand distribution internationally, beginning with a counter at Harrods in London in 1960.

This marked the start of a sustained global expansion across Europe, Asia, and Latin America.

He also pushed for the creation of the company’s first research and development lab, laying the foundation for scientifically driven product lines.

A key part of his strategy involved launching or acquiring new brands—Clinique, Bobbi Brown, MAC, La Mer, Tom Ford Beauty, and Jo Malone London—each positioned to compete with one another and cater to distinct consumer segments.

Lauder’s approach, as he once described in his memoir, “The Company I keep: My Life in Beauty”, was to make Estée Lauder “the General Motors of the beauty business,” offering multiple brands with global distribution.

Going public and institutionalizing success

One of the most defining moments in Lauder’s tenure came in 1995, when he took Estée Lauder Companies public.

The company’s stock surged 33% on its first day of trading in New York, underscoring investor confidence in the brand’s growth prospects.

Despite the IPO, the company retained its family-led structure, with Leonard continuing to play an active role on the board well into the 2020s.

Lauder’s wealth was largely linked to his stake of over 80 million shares in Estée Lauder Companies.

In March 2023, his net worth was estimated at $26.2 billion, according to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index.

By June 2025, however, following an extended decline in the company’s share price, his fortune had fallen to approximately $15.6 billion.

Even as global trends in skincare and cosmetics shifted, Estée Lauder remained a resilient and growing force, recording over $16 billion in sales in 2021 despite disruptions from the pandemic.

Championing women and fostering ‘sibling rivalry’

Beyond his business acumen, Leonard Lauder championed a culture of competition and empowerment within the company.

He was known for encouraging healthy competition among brands under the Estée Lauder umbrella, a concept he once described as “sibling rivalry.”

He was also a strong advocate for placing talented women in leadership roles—a rarity in corporate America at the time.

“I tried to find people who are smarter than me,” he once told the Wall Street Journal, “and most were women.”

Lauder is also credited with popularizing the “lipstick index,” a theory suggesting that lipstick sales often rise during economic downturns as consumers seek affordable luxuries.

Legacy beyond beauty

While Lauder’s legacy in the beauty world is monumental, he was equally known for his philanthropic and artistic contributions.

A passionate art collector and benefactor, he donated generously to museums and health care institutions throughout his life.

In his memoir The Company I Keep, Lauder reflected on his journey in beauty and business with clarity and purpose: to build a company that could endure and thrive by embracing innovation while remaining true to its roots.

Leonard Lauder’s passing marks the end of a remarkable era for Estée Lauder Companies, but his vision continues to shape the company—and the global beauty industry—today.

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Emerging markets are bracing for potential economic turbulence as President Donald Trump intensifies his rhetoric on tariffs, threatening to impose unilateral rates on trading partners within weeks.

With the United States being a key market for many emerging economies, the uncertainty surrounding these tariff threats is casting a long shadow over their growth prospects.

The absence of meaningful trade deals with the US ahead of the July 8 deadline, when Trump’s 90-day pause on broad tariffs expires, could spell trouble for emerging markets.

With just one agreement finalized with Britain and many others still in limbo, the risk of renewed protectionist pressure is rising.

For emerging economies reliant on stable export demand and capital inflows, this timing could not be worse, potentially triggering market volatility, weakening currencies, and dampening investor confidence.

The threat of tariffs, especially on major trading partners like China, could trigger retaliatory measures, further complicating the global trade landscape.

Why emerging markets are vulnerable

Emerging economies, including countries like India, Brazil, and Mexico, often depend on export-driven growth.

The US market, with its vast consumer base, is a critical destination for their goods, ranging from textiles to electronics.

Trump’s tariff threats could disrupt these trade relationships by raising the cost of goods entering the US, potentially reducing demand for exports from these nations.

Additionally, a stronger US dollar—often a byproduct of tariff-induced economic shifts—could exacerbate debt burdens in emerging markets, many of which borrow in dollars.

Beyond trade, the uncertainty is already impacting financial markets. Investors, wary of potential volatility, may pull back from riskier assets in emerging markets, leading to capital outflows.

This sentiment is reflected in recent market analyses, which note a rise in bearish activity in emerging market equities as traders hedge against downside risks.

The interconnected nature of global finance means that even the threat of tariffs can trigger immediate reactions, long before any policy is enacted.

Broader implications for global trade

The implications of Trump’s tariff threats extend beyond immediate economic impacts.

A full-scale trade war could fragment global supply chains, many of which run through emerging markets.

For instance, countries like Vietnam and Thailand, which have become manufacturing hubs amid US-China trade tensions, could face reduced orders if tariffs disrupt demand.

Moreover, currency wars—where nations competitively devalue their currencies to maintain export competitiveness—could emerge as a byproduct, further destabilizing emerging economies.

Analysts also warn of inflationary pressures in the US spilling over to other regions.

Higher import costs due to tariffs could raise consumer prices globally, squeezing purchasing power in emerging markets where inflation is already a concern.

This domino effect underscores the interconnectedness of modern economies and the outsized impact of US policy decisions on developing nations.

Disclaimer: Portions of this article were generated with the assistance of AI tools and reviewed by the Invezz editorial team for accuracy and adherence to our standards.

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